Emile Durkheim's (1951) Suicide: A Study in Sociology

In The Division of stab in Society, Durkheim (1964) describes golf club as nothing less than the general goal of "moral conduct," which has its own special character discrete from that of its members and its own individuality different from that of its constituent individuals, (152). In Durkheim's (1964) view, individuals shanghai toward smart set to determine morally acceptable goals as closely as those norms, mores, and behaviors which will lead to his inclusion or integration within the assemblage. The force, character, and power of the collective society or group outlasts the ad hominemity of its members, in Durkheim's perspective.

Durkheim's theories on morality, individualism, and collective integration or individual disengagement are important in intellect his theories on the sociological nature of self-destruction. In Suicide, Durkheim (1951) theorizes that suicide stern be linked to the form to which individuals form an attachment with others and/or brotherly groups. He also believed suicide was related to to the degree of moral guidance or regulation the individual experiences from others and/or society. In this work, Durkheim attempts to relate differences in suicide rates to differences in group cohesiveness. Durkheim analyzed records of suicides in different countries and for different historical periods and concluded that th

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Neves, C. M. (Jun 2003). Optimism, pessimism, and foretaste in Durkheim. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4(2), 169-183.

Durkheim (1951) categorized suicide into quatern classifications: Egoistic, Altruistic, Anomic, and Fatalistic. In egoistic suicide, the individual has weak attachment or integration to and with others or groups. In altruistic suicide, the individual has an signally high attachment to others and groups. In fatalistic suicide, the individual commonly experiences very harsh and oppressive systems of rules and regulations. Anomic suicide is related to Durkheim's theory of anomie.

In periods of adverse or rapidly ever-changing loving conditions, Durkheim theorized that individuals become less integrated in society and traditional values, norms, and morals breakdown. As such, individuals lose their connection to others or disengage from society. In the absence of confusing or digressive norms, values, and morals, they feel short(p) sense of connection and have little moral values or norms to guide behavior. Durkheim believed great periods of social change lead to anomie, conflict, deviance, less integration, and higher rates of suicide. As Durkheim (1951) writes, "The victim's acts which at first seem to express only his personal temperament are really the supplement and prolongation of a social condition which they express externally," (299).

According to a public Health Organization (WHO) study in 2002, the annual suicide death rate is comparable to combined figures for war and homicide, do suicide "the largest cause of preventable death in the world," (Webster 2003, 220). When social upheaval, changing norms, and undermined regulatory mechanisms characterize a society, Durkheim argued that the collective drift in society was toward suicide. The cohesive forces that integrate individuals within society break down in such periods of social change. As such, individuals become disengage
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