R.C Air Plane

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED skim over Group Members ADEEL AHMAD(080304) BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) BE MECHATRONICS (7-A) take care Supervisor Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali partner Professor DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AIR UNIVERSITY, capital of Pakistan DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED planing machine Final Year Project Report (F in all) DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Submitted By ADEEL AHMAD(080304)BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) Project Supervisor ____________________________ Assistant Professor, Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali nous of Department ____________________________ Professor/Dean/Chair Department, Engr. Dr. Zafar-ullah-Koreshi summon IAcknowl moldingment. Page IITable of table of contents Chapter 1 IntroductionPage no. 02 1. 1 Basic IntroductionPa ge No. 03 1. 2 transmitter/ReceiverPage No. 04 1. 3 Microcontroller Page No. 05 1. 4 Digital GyroscopePage No. 05 Chapter 2 Literature Review Page No. 06 2. History Page No. 07 Chapter 3 Modeling & inventPage No. 08 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motors Page No. 09 3. 2 Design of RC airplanePage No. 11 3. 3 Major Parts of RC matPage No. 12 3. 4 robotic AnalysisPage No. Chapter 4 ReferencesPage No. 14 4. 1 BooksPage No. 15 4. 2 WebsitesPage No. 15 Acknowledgements Apart from the efforts from us, the success of this watch depends for the most part on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the bulk who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this look.We would like to expose our greatest appreciation to our project Supervisor Assistant Professor, Engr. Muzaffar Ali. We cant say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. We feel propel and encouraged every time we attend his meeting. Without h is encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized. Needless to mention that Sir Raheel Afzal & Sir Moeen Maboob, Lab Engineers, who had been a root of inspiration and for their timely guidance in the conduct of our project work. We would as well as like to thank all the Faculty Members for all their valuable help in the project work.Finally, yet importantly, We would like to express our heartfelt thank to our beloved parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project. Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Basic Introduction Radio Controlled (RC) plane is primaryally a smaller prototype of an actual aircraft and its dynamics are relatively difficult to understand. For RC Plane there is 3-degree of freedom. Important parameters are roll, pitch and yaw. To achieve control of these parameters, there are three control develops ailerons, elevators and rudder. 1. transmitter/Receiver A Transmitter is an electronic device that generates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signboard derived from speech or other sources, and radiates the resulting foretoken from an antenna. The transmitter used for project has 6 channels and is programmable for both airplanes and helicopters. It has a 3-way flap switch, aileron and elevator triplex rate switches, rudder mix switch, gear and aux2 switch. A preset memory makes it doable to set up several different models on the same radio. AReceiverconverts signals from a radioantennato a usable form.It useselectronic filtersto separate a wantedradio frequencysignal from all other signals, theelectronic amplifierincreases the level suitable for further processing, and finally rec everywheres the desired information throughdemodulationanddecoding. Information carried on a radio signal may represent sound, images or data. We are using a 6 channel tiny 4 grams receiver with signal path diversity. 1. 3 Microcontroller W e will be using Arduino AT-Mega 328 Microcontroller and it has a dedicated PWM pin. It has built in ADC so no external ADC is required and it is very much alacritous than Atmel Microcontrollers . 4 Digital Gyroscope How Gyroscopes Work Gyroscope can fit on almost on any surface with single advert It can be a finger or even a string. They can resist motion about the spin axis in very odd ways but the most interesting put together is that gravity-defying part which is calledPrecession. We will be using Eclectic Gyroscope in our RC Plane to provide it with stable Flight. We are using Gyro ITG 3200. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2. 1 History The earliest examples of electronically steer model aircraft were hydrogen-filled modelairshipsof the late 19th century.They were flown as a euphony hall act around theater auditoriums using a basic form of spark-emitted radio signal. In 1920s, theRoyal Aircraft Establishmentof Britain built and tried the Larynx, amonoplanewith a 100-mile (160 km) range powered by a mountain lion engine. It was not until the 1930s that the British came up with the Queen Bee, a specialde Havilland Tiger Moth, and similar target aircraft. Radio control technology has been in use since 1893, when Nikola Tesla created a boat that was controlled by transmitted radio waves. In 1917, the first radio controlled airplane was successful.During World War II, Germany tried a variety of weapons that were operated by radio control. Radio controlled model airplanes have evolved over the years and seen improvements since that first flight in 1917. Chapter 3 Modeling & Design 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motrors 3. 2 Design of RC Plane 3. 3 Major Parts Of RC Plane Rudder Flex the rudder back and forward to loosen up the foam hinge. The less force needed to collide with the rudder the less stress is put on the servomechanical during flight. Alternatively release them off and use clear packing tape to re-attach them, one swing on each side. pic Elevato rAdjust the travel adjust value to the maximum allowed in the first place the servo begins to bind. pic Wings Helps the Plane in gliding and to increase the surface area of the plane. pic Aileron For maximum throw, the aileron wing servo has to be swapped around vertically. The servo head should be pointing toward the back instead of the leading wing edge 4. Mechanical Analysis All dimensions of the Plane are From National informatory Committee for Aeronautics(NACA) , we selected the NACA series of 0015 as it was cheaper to fabricate. The Analysis of the Aerofoil was performed on Gambit & Fluent as these software are used for unsound analysis.We calculated the Coefficient of Drag & Lift using these software to determine whether the plane will fly or not. The coordinates of the NACA series 0015 was taken from the NACA site. Theoretical Calculations continuance of Aerofoil (chord)= 19 cm Max Thickness of Aerofoil=2. 85 cm (2. 85/19)*100= 15 We Know that our Aerofoil is Symmetric al, therefore the The NACA Series number of our Foil is 0015 The NACA 0015 control surface is symmetrical, the 00 indicating that it has no camber. The 15 indicates that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio it is 15% as thick as it is long.NACA 0015 1. 000000, 0. 001580 0. 950000, 0. 010080 0. 900000, 0. 018100 0. 800000, 0. 032790 0. 700000, 0. 045800 0. 600000, 0. 057040 0. 500000, 0. 066170 0. 400000, 0. 072540 0. 300000, 0. 075020 0. 250000, 0. 074270 0. 200000, 0. 071720 0. 150000, 0. 066820 0. 100000, 0. 058530 0. 075000, 0. 052500 0. 050000, 0. 044430 0. 025000, 0. 032680 0. 012500, 0. 023670 0. 000000, 0. 000000 0. 012500, -0. 023670 0. 025000, -0. 032680 0. 050000, -0. 044430 0. 075000, -0. 052500 0. 100000, -0. 058530 0. 150000, -0. 066820 0. 200000, -0. 071720 . 250000, -0. 074270 0. 300000, -0. 075020 0. 400000, -0. 072540 0. 500000, -0. 066170 0. 600000, -0. 057040 0. 700000, -0. 045800 0. 800000, -0. 032790 0. 900000, -0. 018100 0. 950000, -0. 010080 1. 000000, -0. 001580 Chapter 4 References 6. 1 Reference Books 6. 2 References Web-Sites file///G/GBx%20Brushless%20Motor%20Calculator. htm http//www. futaba-rc. com/ http//www. mathworks. com/products/sl-design-optimization/demos. hypertext mark-up language? file=/products/demos/shipping/sldo/spe_servomotor. html http//www. futaba-rc. com/servos/brushless. html www. Wikipedia. com