Single Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets Analysis

sensation Molecule Magnets and Single Chain Magnets depth psychologyThe structures and magnetic propertiesmolecular nanomagnets phenoplast resin oxime daedalesGUAN ShengyangTable of Contents (Jump to)1 inlet1.1 Research play down1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets1.2.1 Single subatomic particle magnet1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (magnetic nanowires)1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and interwovenes2 Researches2.1 Iron complex2.2 Manganese complexes2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium ions2.4 Complex containing lanthanon3 Conclusion4 BibliographyAbstractThe basic concepts needed to understand and get whizchain magnets exit also be reviewed.1 Introduction1.1 Research back e accedeThe researches on molecular nanomagnets began from 1990s, when the first single jot magnet (SMM) Mn12O12(O2CPh)16(H2O)4 was researched by Christougroup of University of Florida. GS1This mixed-valent manganese complex was found to wear an abnormal high kink build stir of S=10GS2 and highest stymyi ng temperature ( at a lower place which temperature could the nanomagnets show magnetic properties) in its family (Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4, R = various). A large number of SMMs have been reported since then. TheseGS3 miscellany of complexes display the classical property of magnetic field strength hysteresisGS4 and quantum properties of quantum tunnelling of the magnetic flux density (QTM). These initial discoveries interpret a molecular approach to nano-scale magnetism.Following investigation of single molecule magnets (SMMs) and single chain magnets (SCMs) explorers their potency applications in high-density information storageGS5, quantum computingGS6, magnetic infrigidation GS7and so on. However, to date, nanomagnets discovered have very low blocking temperature (TB). So it is very important to choose appropriate chelate ligands and corresponding admixture centres to construct a proper complex with properties to improve blocking temperature (TB) for operable application.Ph enolic oxime is a family of compounds with generic structure shown in direct 1. The phenolate and oxime aim groups could form intramolecular hydrogen bonding with its neighbour. These hydrogen bonding resulting in strong coordination effect on metal ions. Such property makes phenolic oxime a good extractant for copperGS8 in mining industry. Detailed discussion of the phenolic oxime complex structure willing be introduced in constituent 1.3 . frame of reference 1 general structure of phenolic oximeIn this review, knowledge of nanomagnets will be introduced firstly to provide an overview of this field. Then the structure and magnetic properties of compounds with phenolic oxime ligand will be introduced. New techniques applied in synthesis will also be included. It is hoped that this review could be used to assess the potential of phenolic oxime ligand in high performance nanomagnets.1.2 Introduction to nanomagnets1.2.1 Single molecule magnetIt is helpful to describe the basic theo ry of SMM with an example. The first single molecule magnet (SMM) Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4 4H2O2CH3CO2HGS9 was determined to have an S=10 ground spin state, which is contributed by the antiferromagnetic interactions between 4 MnIV ions and 8 MnIII ionsGS10. However, non like normal size magnet, SMM shows slow magnetic relaxation below a characteristic blocking temperature. This phenomenon is explained by the exist of an pushing prohibition in reorientation cognitive operation of magnetic moment. Sessoli et.al. confirmed there exists a relatively large zero-field splitting in this molecule by high-field EPR experiments with a CO2 far-infrared laser. This axial zero-field splitting leads to a splitting of the S=10 state into 21 levels -10 , -9 , -8, -7, -6 , -50, 1, 2, 38, 9, 10. severally level is characterized by a spin projection quantum number ms, corresponding potential energy ..(1)Daxial zero-field splitting parameter. In Mn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4 4H2O2CH3CO2H D=-0.5cm-1Fi gure 2 Figure 1. PovRay representation of the core ofMn12O12(O2CCH3 )16(H2O) 4 4H2O2CH3CO2H, showing the relative positions of the MnIV ions (shaded circles), MnIII ions (solid circles), and 3-O2 bridges (open circlesGS11).Figure 3 Plot of potential energy of different spin state versus magnetization directionFrom Figure 3, it could be known that the splitting of potential energy levels resulting in a potential energy barrier in the process of changing the magnetic moment. For the example SMM, this barrier equals to E(ms=0)-E(ms=10)=100D. Due to the tiny value of D, this barrier could be easily crossed in agency temperature. If sample SMM is magnetized at 1.5K, the magnetic relaxation time becomes also long to measure. When fitted into Arrhenius relationship.(2)The magnetic anisotropy of the SMM is caused by the structure of the eight MnIII ions. Each MnIII ion with in octahedral crystal shows JahnTeller distortion. These distortionGS12 together with spin-orbital interaction give prepare to the light-colored axis type of magnetoanisotropy.To conclude, a typical SMM consists of an inner magnetic core with a surrounding shell of organic ligands. The desired SMM requires easily isolated system which exhibit high spin ground state (S) with a high magnetic anisotropy of the easy-axis (Ising) type. The difficulty is high spin ground state often requests for several nucleuses, but the magnetic orientation of for each one nuclei tends to obey Maximum Entropy Models. In this way, the highest magnetoanisotropy of a molecule couldnt be achieved easily. Some researches show that replacing magnetic core with lanthanideGS13 ions or using single nuclearity spincluster GS14could avoid this problem. Their approaches will be discussed in SECTION 2.1.2.2 Single Chain magnet (magnetic nanowires)While clusters of SMM behind be considered as zero dimensional real, it is possible that one dimensional materials such as nanowires exhibit slow magnetic relaxation and hysteresi s effects which are not associated with multidimensional (3D) order. At 1963, GlauberGS15 predicted one dimension Ising model (easy axial) would show magnetization relaxation under low temperature. Due to insufficient knowledge in this area and stringent conditions required in the synthesis procedure, chemist wasnt be able to find any evidences to support or against the prediction, until Gatteschi et al successfully synthesis Co(hfac)2(NITPhOMeGS16) in 2001.Figure 4 Structure of NITPhOMe=4-methoxy-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxideFigure 5 Drawing of unit cell ofCo(hfac)2(NITPhOMe)2. Large black spheres represent the metal ions. Hydrogen, fluorine, and most of the methyl carbon atoms have been omitted for uncloudednessThe structure of the SCM consists of Co(hfac)2 and radicals arranged in helices alternately( Figure 5). In this one dimensional structure, the magnetic core (octahedral cobalt(II) centres) has overall S=1/2 and shows easy axis of magnetization in t he chain directionSG17. Detailed analysis of spectrums could be found in Caneschis report in 2001.To conclude, three immanent conditions are need for design SCMs 1) the ratio of the interaction and interactions is very large. 2) the material must behave as a 1D Ising ferro- or ferrimagnet. This requires the building block or the core of the chain have large ground state spin. 3) the interchain interactions should be minimized to avoid the magnetism of the material be associated with three-dimensional (3D) order. This final condition also apply for SMMs.1.3 Structure of phenolic oxime and complexes admixture complexes with a planar, electronically delocalized structure have proven particularly magnetic for development of cooperative electronic properties because of the strong moleculemolecule interactions that can arise from -stacking of the planar units2 Researches2.1 3d nanomagnetMany 3d nanomagnets have been synthesized and researched on since the first SMM was discovered.f hexa nuclear MnIII SMMs based on the complex MnIII6O2(sao)6(O2CH)2(EtOH)4(saoH2=salicylaldoximeGS18)9-12 crook Switching via Targeted Structural Distortion2.2 Iron complexVariation of alkyl groups on the ligand fromt-octyl ton-propyl enabled electronic isolation of the complexes in the crystal structures of M(L1)2contrasting with -stacking interactions for M(L2)2(M = Ni, Cu). This was evidenced by a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic chain for Cu(L2)2but ideal paramagnetic demeanor for Cu(L1)2down to 1.8 K.2.3 Complex containing cobalt and sodium ions2.4 Complex containing lanthanideAlthough many magnetic transition metal complexes have been synthesised, the temperature required for transition metal complex to exhibit magnetization relaxation (i.e. blocking temperature) is too low. Hence lanthanide metals were introduced to the complex to increase the blocking temperature.4 BibliographyGS1R. Sessoli, H.-L. Tsai, A.R. Schake, S. Wang,J.B. Vincent, K. Folting, D. Gatteschi, G. Christou,and D.N. Hendrickson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115(1993) p. 1804.Sessoli, R. Tsai, H.-L. Schake, A.R. Wang, S. Vincent, J.B. Folting, K. Gatteschi, D. Christou, G. Hendrickson, D.N.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1993, 115, 1804-1816.GS2-GS3Resonant magnetization tunnelling in the half-integer-spin single-molecule magnet PPh4Mn12O12(O2CEt)16(H2O)4Spin Tweaking of a High-Spin Molecule An Mn25Single-Molecule Magnet with anS=61/2 Ground StateNew Routes to Polymetallic Clusters Fluoride-Based Tri-, Deca-, and Hexaicosametallic MnIIIClusters and their Magnetic PropertiesMolecular regular hexahedron of ReIIand MnIIThat Exhibits Single-Molecule MagnetismSyntheses, structures and single-molecule magnetic behaviors of two dicubane Mn4complexesGS4Macroscopic Measurement of Resonant Magnetization Tunneling in High-Spin Molecules