The Roper Logan Tierney Model Nursing Essay

The rope-maker Logan Tierney Model Nursing EssayThe aim of this assume is to demonstrate the rush management that a nurse potty admit to a patient role who had Laparotomy and prosecute recompense of incarcerated incisional hernia. It also shows how the Roper- Logan- Tierney Model was engagement in respecting, planning, implementing, and evaluating patients flush. The core of this c are study is on transmittance and transgress healing management which was set as the patients main problem. According to prudish (2008), a minimum of 5 out of 100 functional patients relegate transmittal and that this covers almost a quarter of solely infections acquired in a hospital. The patients name was altered to uphold confidentiality (NMC, 2008). In this study, health and favorable care policies affecting the patient care were also considered.PATIENT PROFILEMrs P is a 63 years old lady who was admitted delinquent to symptoms of low-d stimulate bowel obstruction like vomiting, b loating and group AB pain. She lives with her husband in a privately owned house who also has impaired mobility due to stroke. Mrs P weighs 111 kilograms, 5 feet 7 inches tall and frame mass index of 38. front medical history includes Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 2 (2008), congestive Cardiac Failure (2007), leg cellulitis (2006), Essential Hypertension (2005), Primary repair of Incisional Hernia (1992), Type 2 Diabetes(1991), Repair of Umbilical Hernia(1985), Total abdominal Hysterectomy NEC (1979) and Cholecystectomy (1976).after series of examination, she was found to pee-pee incarcerated incisional hernia which was repaired with mesh on the emergency list. Post- operatively, she was admitted to ITU for ventilator support and post-op care. When she was st adapted, she was transferred in the hold and cardinal weeks post- op she developed infection and her abdominal insult dehisced. patient has to take several(prenominal) medications while in the hospital to help her recover . She had Augmentin (Co- amoxiclav) 625 mg via viva voce route collar times a day, followed by tazocin (Piperacillin with Tazobactam) 4.5 grams intravenously every 8 hours interval, Fragmin (Dalteparin) 7500 units once at 6 pm, senna (7.5mg) deuce anovulatory drugs in the evening, bisoprolol 10 mg once routine, furosemide 20 mg daily orally, ramipril 5mg daily orally, amlodipine 10 mg daily oral, paracetamol 1 gram 4-6 hourly oral, domperi through with(p) 10mg tierce times daily orally, insulin Glargine(Lantus) twice a day SC snapshot, Novorapid three times daily SC injcetion, and oxycodone hydrochloride (oxynorm) 10 milligrams every 4-6 hours orally when needed.PATHOPHYSIOLOGYThe exploitation of an surgical rank infection depends on contamination of the ache site at the end of a surgical procedure and specifically relates to the pathogenicity and inoculum of microorganisms present, balanced against the hosts immune response(NICE,2006). Typically, wound infection is wee -weed by migration of patients expression phytology to the wound site. A nonher way of surgical site being bemire is being in contact with contaminated surgical equipments, purlieu, and hands of lags. (NICE, 2006).appraisalThe Roper- Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing based on activities of living was used in planning the care of Mrs P which is a widely used fabric in practice areas in the UK(Roper et al 2000).Maintaining a safe environmentMrs P was alert and orientated however she is diabetic, hypertensive, uses eye specs and obese. She has an infected wound that is oozing and painful, sillyly healed, dehisced, abdominal wound. She has a urinary catheter in situ which basis be a potential site of an different infection. communication affected role can communicate effectively, her primary language is English, can picture and talk without any aids and difficulties, and very conversant but when it comes to her care she tends to stay quiet and just wait for her turn to be savor at.BreathingPatient is at risk of developing chest infection due to decreased mobility and respiratory depression due to oxynorm medication. Patient has a respiratory rate of 15 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation of 98% on air, no shortness of breath noted, no signs of respiratory distress and no complaints of pain during breathing.Eating and DrinkingPatient claims to have decreased lust after operation and risk of poor wound healing since although she is obese, she stillness necessarily some important nutrients like protein and vitamins like vitamin A,C, and K. Also patient is scared that when she ate, it pass on cause more pres trustworthy to her abdominal wound. Patient is equal to eat and drink independently, no complains of difficulty of swallowing, and she is on normal diet.EliminatingMrs. P has urinary catheter in situ draining adequate amount of urine at present which made her at risk of boost infection. She was untainted of faeces and uses bottomlandside commode with assistance of two staffs. Because of the pain on her wound when moving and the need of two staffs to help her get out of bed, she affirms refusing her senna tablet and end up opening her bowel on bed.Personal neaten and preparationNurses are the one irrigating and changing her wound training. Mrs P is futile to wash and dress her egotism independently due to her current state of health. Did not have any shower since admission because of her difficulty in mobilising. goling body temperatureAlthough Mrs P got an infection, her temperature during evaluatement was 36.8 degree Celsius, no sweating noted, cutis warm to touch, uses only when hospital gown and dressing gown to keep her warm during the day, and uses top sheet and one blanket at night. She has hold mobility which predisposed her to poor subscriber line circulation.MobilisingWhile on bed, Mrs P can turn on her sides but still with assistance of one staff because of her abdominal wound and shes an obese patient . Patient complains of pain on the surgical site when moving and mobilising. Three days before she was being hoisted from bed to chair and hazard to bed with assistance of 3 staffs but at this time after referral to physiformer(a)apist, she can transfer to chair with assistance of two staffs and use of a zimmer frame. She was able to stand during the transfer and can make 2-3 steps during transfer.Working and actingPatient worked in an affair before but had early retirement due to illness. Enjoys knitting and playing with her grandchildren at home. Although she can still do knitting, she cannot run or sort after her grandchildren at home in her situation.Expressing sexualityMrs P is 63 years old, menopause, and still lives with her husband. Her abdominal wound makes her anxious around her body image.SleepingPatient says shes not able to sleep well due to environment change, pain and sometimes bowel urgencies. Mrs P takes two glasses of milk before bedtime.Death and DyingMrs P k eeps asking about worst thing that could happen to her regarding her present condition. She is worried for her husband when it happens to her first. Patient does not have a will.IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS PROBLEMWhile in the ward, Mrs P was assessed using the RLT Model based on activities of living. From those activities, all problems identified were related to her infected wound that is not healing normally. She has to stay further in the hospital until her infection is dealt with and that her condition will be directed by primary care. This is a serious problem that if not attend immediately would cause further injury or problems to Mrs P hence these problems which are related to each other should be the priority and the reduce of her care plan.GOALSAfter breast feeding interventions, Mrs P will be able to verbalize feelings regarding her condition and understand the course of treatment being done to her. In three to 7 days, patient will be able to mobilize on her own using he r zimmer frame and will be infection free.NURSING CARE PLANPROBLEMSINTERVENTIONSRATIONALEREFERENCES1.Wound transmittingMonitored patients indispensable signs.Assessed wound site daily and documented.Maintained aseptic technique when changing dressing and irrigation.Administered antibiotic as prescribed.Encouraged patient to eat nutritious sustenance and increase fluid intakeEducated patient about wound infection control and counteraction.Infection is frequently linked with pyrexiaAs basis for treatmentTo prevent further deterioration in woundInhibits growth and kill microorganismsEnhance immune responseTo have an idea on how to manage her surgical woundRico et al, 2002Shultz et al, 2003MEP,2008Colier, 2004Dealey,2012NICE, 20062. Poor wound healingAssessed the wound and its surroundingsMonitored blood glucose regularlyMaintained strict infection control measuresEncouraged patient to eat nutritious food and increase fluid intakeEncouraged diversional activities like knitting and interpretation papers.Maintained a moist wound environment but not stark(a)Managed exudates to ensure that surrounding skin is protected from leakage.Referred to t resign viability nurseTo assess healing and as basis for treatment.Associated with delayed wound healing.* need to stretchTo prevent further infectionPoor nutrition increases infection risk.* how does protein, calories affects healing, hydration?Link poor healing with nutrition.To reduce stress caused by pain on the wound surroundings.Supports wound healingExudates can damage surrounding skin and is precedent for bacterial growthTo give advice on appropriate wound dressing for wound healing by secondary use.Daugherty and Lister, 2004Patel, 2008Pratt et al,2007Dealey, 2012Augustine and Maier,2003Shultz et al,2003Vowden and Vowden, 2002NICE, 2006PART 2 health AND SOCIAL CARE POLICIESThe basic principle of NHS is that good health care should be available to all, regardless of wealth(NHS website,2011). In order to maint ain it, the NHS is regulated by several policies. DH policies are designed to improve on existing arrangements in health and social care, and turn political vision into actions that should benefit staff, patients and the public (DH 2010b).Mrs Ps information are compiled in a folder and unplowed in a secure place so that only members of the Multi-disciplinary police squad responsible for her care will be able to access it. It is the state of healthcare professionals to safeguard their patients information and share it only to appropriate individuals (NMC, 2008). Mrs Ps personal information were handled in accordance with Data Protection encounter of 1998.According to Mental Capacity Act of 2005, every adult has the justifiedly to make his or her decision and must be assumed to have capacity to make them unless it is proved otherwise. Informed concur was taken from Mrs P before any procedures or treatment was given or done. Doctors, anaesthetists and nurses has the function to explain all tests and procedures being carried out on her and made sure she understood why it is being done or given to her. The consent is not valid when the person did not understand intervention (DH, 2009a).The vital signs of Mrs P were kept monitored and documented using the home(a) Early example Score (NEWS)Chart. It is a new observation chart (implemented July, 2012) used in the ward where Mrs P was admitted. RCP (2012) says that this is also used as a inspection system for all patients in hospitals, tracking their clinical condition, alerting the clinical team to any clinical deterioration and triggering a timely clinical response. Another tool used in Mrs Ps ward is the SBAR Tool. It is a structured method for communicating critical information that requires immediate help or action(NHS Website, 2008).The patient was also assessed using the Waterlow Pressure Ulcer assay Assessment Tool and Malnutrition Universal back Tool(MUST). In the chart it says there that althoug h the later was incorporated to Waterlow, they should be assessed individually to ensure patient unavoidably are addressed and their care was implemented (Waterlow 1985, Revised 2005). This tool helps nurses and other healthcare professionals in identifying what measures and equipment are needed for the care of the patient. NICE (2006) recommends that all hospital inpatients on admission and all outpatients at their first clinic battle should be screened (weighed, measured and have Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated). Screening should be repeated weekly for inpatients and when there is clinical concern for outpatients.The abdominal wound of Mrs P was also assessed and documented on the Wound focussing Chart implemented by the trust. Mrs Ps surgical team dogged to leave her dehisced wound open and heal by second intention. The team looking after her prescribed antibiotic, and twice a day irrigation and dressing of her wound. Mrs P was referred to the Tissue Viability Nurses (TVN) f or advice on appropriate dressings to be used on her wound as it was planned to heal by secondary intention (NICE, 2012).Another issue to consider in looking after Mrs P was infection control. The fact that she was already infected does not mean healthcare staffs no unyieldinger follow Infection control procedures. Infection control should be strictly manifested in order not to aggravate her situation. lot hygiene is important especially before touching the patients wound to derogate introduction of pathogens and also after changing wound dressings to prevent self and cross- contamination of patient. The WHO (2006), provided Five Moments as to when healthcare professionals should perform hand hygiene. utilise of appropriate Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) should also be worn when irrigating and reviving the surgical wound dressing of Mrs P to prevent spread of infection. Guidelines on how to put on PPE and how to take it off were also produced by WHO(2007). comme il faut disposal of sharps used by Mrs P like needles used for her antibiotic, insulin, and fragmin injection should also be observed. They should be thrown directly to designated sharp bins as uncapped and still assembled (RCN,2011).OVERALL EVALUATION AND CRITIQUE OF FRAMEWORKThe nursing impact is an orderly method of designing and providing nursing care which are collecting information and assessing the patient, planning care and defining objectives for nursing care, implementing interventions and evaluating results (Uys Habermann, 2005,p.3). Roper et al(2000,p.124) pointed out that assessment which is considered to be the first phase of the nursing process should be done regularly and not only once. Being this the case, the use of Roper- Logan-Tierney (RLT) Model based on Activities of Living is preferred for Mrs Ps case. It does assess the patient needs wholly and can determine the impact of infection and poor wound healing to her identified twelve activities of living as recognized b y the model. Using RLT model, an overview of Mrs Ps health status was created and from it prioritization of her needs is easier. This model enabled healthcare professionals to produce a care plan which is bizarre or aligned to her needs. The author of this care study find this model to be an ideal model in assessing patient and useful for healthcare professionals as they do not miss out any reflection of care.Looking at the down side of the model, it is a very long process of assessment and it takes time for a healthcare staff to nuance all the twelve areas. The author of this study thinks although it is an ideal one that in a ward where Mrs P was confined, there might be an issue in doing this regularly to all patients. It is a very busy ward and if all patients are assessed regularly using this model, problems on other cyclorama of nursing process will be left untouched and cause additional work to incoming staffs.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE PRACTICEHealth and soc ial care policies are indeed very important and has a groovy impact to the healthcare system. It serves as the basis for the trusts in making their own policies and it guides healthcare professionals to their practice. Nurses practice in accordance with the NMC Code, Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives and other laws and guidelines provided by the British government and different departments or agencies like the department of Health, National Institute of Clinical Excellence, World Health Organization, etc.After using the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model The care of Mrs P went smoothly during her stay in the hospital. Her post- operative complications have been managed without any major issues. Since the very start, nurses and other members of the MDT tranquillise her that personal details and all information regarding her care is treated as confidential and that this could only be shared to appropriate people only on her approval. The MDT members based their interventions on the protocol and policies of the trusts which was based on National policies. Mrs Ps problems were managed by the interventions provided in the hospital and was now discharged and back to her home. Long term goals were also taken into account therefore a proper referral to the district nurse was done before she went home.